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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></meta><title>YASON - A JSON encoder/decoder for Common Lisp</title><meta name="description" content="
YASON is a JSON encoding and decoding library for Common Lisp. It
provides for functions to read JSON strings into Lisp data
structures and for serializing Lisp data structures as JSON
strings.
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<h1 xmlns="">YASON - A JSON encoder/decoder for Common Lisp</h1>
<h3 xmlns="">Abstract</h3>
<blockquote xmlns="">
YASON is a Common Lisp library for encoding and decoding data in
the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" href="http://json.org/">JSON</a> interchange format. JSON
is used as a lightweight alternative to XML. YASON has the sole
purpose of encoding and decoding data and does not impose any
object model on the Common Lisp application that uses it.
</blockquote>
<h3 xmlns="">Contents</h3>
<ol xmlns="">
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#install">Download and Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#json-package">Using JSON as package name</a></li>
<li><a href="#mapping">Mapping between JSON and CL datatypes</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#parsing">Parsing JSON data</a><ol><li><a href="#parser-dict">Parser dictionary</a></li></ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#encoding">Encoding JSON data</a><ol>
<li><a href="#dom-encoder">Encoding a JSON DOM</a></li>
<li><a href="#stream-encoder">Encoding JSON in streaming mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#app-encoders">Application specific encoders</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="#index">Symbol index</a></li>
<li><a href="#license">License</a></li>
<li><a href="#ack">Acknowledgements</a></li>
</ol>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="intro">Introduction</a></h3>
<p>
<a href="http://json.org/">JSON</a> is an established
alternative to XML as a data interchange format for web
applications. YASON implements reading and writing of JSON
formatted data in Common Lisp. It does not attempt to provide a
mapping between CLOS objects and YASON, but can be used to
implement such mappings.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://common-lisp.net/project/cl-json/">CL-JSON</a> is
another Common Lisp package that can be used to work with JSON
encoded data. It takes a more integrated approach, providing
for library internal mappings between JSON objects and CLOS
objects. YASON was created as a lightweight, documented
alternative with a minimalistic approach and extensibilty.
</p>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="install">Download and Installation</a></h3>
<p>
YASON has its permanent home at <a href="https://github.com/hanshuebner/yason/">GitHub</a>.
It can be obtained by downloading the <a href="https://github.com/downloads/hanshuebner/yason/yason.tar.gz">release
tarball</a>. The current release is 0.7.6.
</p>
<p>
You may also check out the current development version from its
<a href="http://github.com/hanshuebner/yason/">git
repository</a>. If you have suggestions regarding YASON, please
email me at <i>hans.huebner@gmail.com</i>.
</p>
<p>
YASON is written in ANSI Common Lisp. It depends on UNIT-TEST,
TRIVIAL-GRAY-STREAMS and ALEXANDRIA open source libraries. The
recommended way to install YASON and its dependencies is through
the excellent <a href="http://www.quicklisp.org/">Quicklisp</a>
library management system.
</p>
<p>
YASON lives in the <b>:yason</b> package and creates a package
nickname <b>:json</b>. Applications will not normally
<b>:use</b> this package, but rather use qualified names to
access YASON's symbols. For that reason, YASON's symbols do not
contain the string "JSON" themselves. See below for usage
samples.
</p>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="json-package">Using JSON as package name</a></h3>
Versions of YASON preceding the v0.6.0 release provided a package
nickname "JSON" for the "YASON" package. This made it impossible
to load both YASON and CL-JSON into the same image, because
CL-JSON uses the "JSON" package name as well.
<p>
As CL-JSON's use of "JSON" as package name has a much longer
history and loading of both CL-JSON and YASON into the same
image has become more common, the "JSON" nickname was removed
from the YASON package with the v0.6.0 release. Users will need
to change their applications so that the "JSON" nickname is no
longer used to refer to the "YASON" package. It is understood
that this is a disruptive change, but as there is no
all-encompassing workaround, this step was felt to be the right
one to make
</p>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="mapping">Mapping between JSON and CL datatypes</a></h3>
By default, YASON performs the following mappings between JSON and
CL datatypes:
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>JSON<br></br>datatype</th>
<th>CL<br></br>datatype</th>
<th>Notes</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>object</td>
<td>hash-table<br></br>:test #'equal</td>
<td>
Keys are strings by default (see
<code xmlns=""><a href="#*parse-object-key-fn*">*parse-object-key-fn*</a></code>). Set
<code xmlns=""><a href="#*parse-object-as*">*parse-object-as*</a></code> to <b>:alist</b> in
order to have YASON parse objects as alists or to
<b>:plist</b> to parse them as plists. When using plists,
you probably want to also set
<code xmlns=""><a href="#*parse-object-key-fn*">*parse-object-key-fn*</a></code> to a function
that interns the object's keys to symbols.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>array</td>
<td>list</td>
<td>
Can be changed to read to vectors (see
<code xmlns=""><a href="#*parse-json-arrays-as-vectors*">*parse-json-arrays-as-vectors*</a></code>).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>string</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>
JSON escape characters are recognized upon reading. Upon
writing, known escape characters are used, but non-ASCII
Unicode characters are written as is.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>number</td>
<td>number</td>
<td>
Parsed with READ, printed with PRINC. This is not a
faithful implementation of the specification.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>true</td>
<td>t</td>
<td>
Can be changed to read as TRUE (see
<code xmlns=""><a href="#*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*">*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*</a></code>).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>false</td>
<td>nil</td>
<td>
Can be changed to read as FALSE (see
<code xmlns=""><a href="#*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*">*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*</a></code>).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>null</td>
<td>nil</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="parsing">Parsing JSON data</a></h3>
<p>
JSON data is always completely parsed into an equivalent
in-memory representation. Upon reading, some translations are
performed by default to make it easier for the Common Lisp
program to work with the data; see <code xmlns=""><a href="#mapping">mapping</a></code>
for details. If desired, the parser can be configured to
preserve the full semantics of the JSON data read.
</p>
For example
<pre>CL-USER&gt; (defvar *json-string* "[{\"foo\":1,\"bar\":[7,8,9]},2,3,4,[5,6,7],true,null]")
*JSON-STRING*
CL-USER&gt; (let* ((result (yason:parse *json-string*)))
(print result)
(alexandria:hash-table-plist (first result)))
(#&lt;HASH-TABLE :TEST EQUAL :COUNT 2 {5A4420F1}&gt; 2 3 4 (5 6 7) T NIL)
("bar" (7 8 9) "foo" 1)
CL-USER&gt; (defun maybe-convert-to-keyword (js-name)
(or (find-symbol (string-upcase js-name) :keyword)
js-name))
MAYBE-CONVERT-TO-KEYWORD
CL-USER&gt; :FOO ; intern the :FOO keyword
:FOO
CL-USER&gt; (let* ((yason:*parse-json-arrays-as-vectors* t)
(yason:*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols* t)
(yason:*parse-object-key-fn* #'maybe-convert-to-keyword)
(result (yason:parse *json-string*)))
(print result)
(alexandria:hash-table-plist (aref result 0)))
#(#&lt;HASH-TABLE :TEST EQUAL :COUNT 2 {59B4EAD1}&gt; 2 3 4 #(5 6 7) YASON:TRUE NIL)
("bar" #(7 8 9) :FOO 1)</pre>
<p>
The second example modifies the parser's behaviour so that JSON
arrays are read as CL vectors, JSON booleans will be read as the
symbols TRUE and FALSE and JSON object keys will be looked up in
the <b>:keyword</b> package. Interning strings coming from an
external source is not recommended practice.
</p>
<h4 xmlns=""><a name="parser-dict">Parser dictionary</a></h4>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="parse"><b>parse</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">input &amp;key (object-key-fn
*parse-object-as-key-fn*) (object-as *parse-object-as*)
(json-arrays-as-vectors *parse-json-arrays-as-vectors*)
(json-booleans-as-symbols *parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*)
(json-nulls-as-keyword *parse-json-null-as-keyword*)</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>object</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Parse <code><i>input</i></code>, which must be a string or
a stream, as JSON. Returns the Lisp representation of the
JSON structure parsed.
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
The keyword arguments <code xmlns=""><i>object-key-fn</i></code>,
<code xmlns=""><i>object-as</i></code>,
<code xmlns=""><i>json-arrays-as-vectors</i></code>,
<code xmlns=""><i>json-booleans-as-symbols</i></code>, and
<code xmlns=""><i>json-null-as-keyword</i></code> may be used
to specify different values for the parsing parameters
from the current bindings of the respective special
variables.
</p>
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Special variable]<br><a class="none" name="*parse-json-arrays-as-vectors*"><b>*parse-json-arrays-as-vectors*</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
If set to a true value, JSON arrays will be parsed as
vectors, not as lists. NIL is the default.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Special variable]<br><a class="none" name="*parse-object-as*"><b>*parse-object-as*</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Can be set to <b xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">:hash-table</b> to parse objects as hash
tables, <b xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">:alist</b> to parse them as alists or
<b xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">:plist</b> to parse them as plists. <b xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">:hash-table</b>
is the default.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Special variable]<br><a class="none" name="*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*"><b>*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
If set to a true value, JSON booleans will be read as the
symbols TRUE and FALSE instead of T and NIL, respectively.
NIL is the default.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Special variable]<br><a class="none" name="*parse-json-null-as-keyword*"><b>*parse-json-null-as-keyword*</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
If set to a true value, JSON null will be read as the
keyword :NULL, instead of NIL.
NIL is the default.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Special variable]<br><a class="none" name="*parse-object-key-fn*"><b>*parse-object-key-fn*</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Function to call to convert a key string in a JSON object to
a key in the CL hash produced. IDENTITY is the default.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="encoding">Encoding JSON data</a></h3>
YASON provides two distinct modes to encode JSON data:
applications can either create an in-memory representation of the
data to be serialized, then have YASON convert it to JSON in one
go, or they can use a set of macros to serialze the JSON data
element-by-element, allowing fine-grained control over the layout
of the generated data.
<p>
Optionally, the JSON that is produced can be indented.
Indentation requires the use of a
<code xmlns=""><a href="#json-output-stream">JSON-OUTPUT-STREAM</a></code> as serialization target.
With the stream serializer, such a stream is automatically used.
If indentation is desired with the DOM serializer, such a stream
can be obtained by calling the
<code xmlns=""><a href="#make-json-output-stream">MAKE-JSON-OUTPUT-STREAM</a></code> function with the
target output string as argument. Please be aware that indented
output not requires more space, but is also slower and should
not be enabled in performance critical applications.
</p>
<h4 xmlns=""><a name="dom-encoder">Encoding a JSON DOM</a></h4>
<p>
In this mode, an in-memory structure is encoded in JSON
format. The structure must consist of objects that are
serializable using the <code xmlns=""><a href="#encode">ENCODE</a></code> function.
YASON defines a number of encoders for standard data types
(see <code xmlns=""><a href="#mapping">MAPPING</a></code>), but the application can
define additional methods (e.g. for encoding CLOS objects).
</p>
For example:
<pre>CL-USER&gt; (yason:encode
(list (alexandria:plist-hash-table
'("foo" 1 "bar" (7 8 9))
:test #'equal)
2 3 4
'(5 6 7)
t nil)
*standard-output*)
[{"foo":1,"bar":[7,8,9]},2,3,4,[5,6,7],true,null]
(#&lt;HASH-TABLE :TEST EQUAL :COUNT 2 {59942D21}&gt; 2 3 4 (5 6 7) T NIL)</pre>
<h4 xmlns=""><a name="dom-encoder-dict">DOM encoder dictionary</a></h4>
<p xmlns="">[Generic function]<br><a class="none" name="encode"><b>encode</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">object &amp;optional
stream</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>object</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encode <code><i>object</i></code> in JSON format and
write to <code><i>stream</i></code>. May be specialized
by applications to perform specific rendering. Stream
defaults to *STANDARD-OUTPUT*.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-alist"><b>encode-alist</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">object &amp;optional (stream
*standard-output*)</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>object</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encodes <code><i>object</i></code>, an alist, in JSON
format and write to <code><i>stream</i></code>.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-plist"><b>encode-plist</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">object &amp;optional (stream
*standard-output*)</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>object</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encodes <code><i>object</i></code>, a plist, in JSON
format and write to <code><i>stream</i></code>.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="make-json-output-stream"><b>make-json-output-stream</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">stream &amp;key (indent t)</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>stream</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Creates a <code><a href="#json-output-stream">json-output-stream</a></code> instance
that wraps the supplied <code><i>stream</i></code> and
optionally performs indentation of the generated JSON
data. The <code><i>indent</i></code> argument is
described in <code><a href="#with-output">WITH-OUTPUT</a></code>. Note that
if the <code><i>indent</i></code> argument is NIL, the
original stream is returned in order to avoid the
performance penalty of the indentation algorithm.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Special variable]<br><a class="none" name="*list-encoder*"><b>*list-encoder*</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Function to call to translate a CL list into JSON data.
<code><i>'YASON:ENCODE-PLAIN-LIST-TO-ARRAY</i></code> is the default;
<code><i>'YASON:ENCODE-PLIST</i></code> and
<code><i>'YASON:ENCODE-ALIST</i></code> are available to produce
JSON objects.
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
This is useful to translate a deeply recursive structure in a single
<code xmlns=""><i>YASON:ENCODE</i></code> call.
</p>
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Special variable]<br><a class="none" name="*symbol-key-encoder*"><b>*symbol-key-encoder*</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Defines the policy to encode symbols as keys (eg. in hash tables).
The default is to error out, to provide backwards-compatible behaviour.
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
A useful function that can be bound to this variable is
<code xmlns=""><a href="#yason:encode-symbol-as-lowercase.">YASON:ENCODE-SYMBOL-AS-LOWERCASE.</a></code>
</p>
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<h4 xmlns=""><a name="stream-encoder">Encoding JSON in streaming mode</a></h4>
<p>
In this mode, the JSON structure is generated in a stream.
The application makes explicit calls to the encoding library
in order to generate the JSON structure. It provides for more
control over the generated output, and can be used to generate
arbitary JSON without requiring that there exists a directly
matching Lisp data structure. The streaming API uses the
<code xmlns=""><a href="#encode">encode</a></code> function, so it is possible to
intermix the two (see <code xmlns=""><a href="#app-encoders">app-encoders</a></code> for an
example).
</p>
For example:
<pre>CL-USER&gt; (yason:with-output (*standard-output*)
(yason:with-array ()
(dotimes (i 3)
(yason:encode-array-element i))))
[0,1,2]
NIL
CL-USER&gt; (yason:with-output (*standard-output*)
(yason:with-object ()
(yason:encode-object-element "hello" "hu hu")
(yason:with-object-element ("harr")
(yason:with-array ()
(dotimes (i 3)
(yason:encode-array-element i))))))
{"hello":"hu hu","harr":[0,1,2]}
NIL</pre>
<h4 xmlns=""><a name="stream-encoder-dict">Streaming encoder dictionary</a></h4>
<p xmlns="">[Macro]<br><a class="none" name="with-output"><b>with-output</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">(stream &amp;key indent) &amp;body body</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Set up a JSON streaming encoder context on
<code><i>stream</i></code>, then evaluate
<code><i>body</i></code>. <code><i>indent</i></code>
can be set to T to enable indentation with a default
indentation width or to an integer specifying the desired
indentation width. By default, indentation is switched
off.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Macro]<br><a class="none" name="with-output-to-string*"><b>with-output-to-string*</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">(&amp;key indent stream-symbol) &amp;body body</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Set up a JSON streaming encoder context on
<code><i>stream-symbol</i></code> (by default
a gensym), then evaluate
<code><i>body</i></code>. Return a string with the
generated JSON output. See
<code><a href="#with-output">WITH-OUTPUT</a></code> for the description of
the <code><i>indent</i></code> keyword argument.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Condition type]<br><a class="none" name="no-json-output-context"><b>no-json-output-context</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
This condition is signalled when one of the stream
encoding functions is used outside the dynamic context of
a <code><a href="#with-output">WITH-OUTPUT</a></code> or
<code><a href="#with-output-to-string*">WITH-OUTPUT-TO-STRING*</a></code> body.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Macro]<br><a class="none" name="with-array"><b>with-array</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">() &amp;body body</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Open a JSON array, then run <code><i>body</i></code>.
Inside the body, <code><a href="#encode-array-element">ENCODE-ARRAY-ELEMENT</a></code>
must be called to encode elements to the opened array.
Must be called within an existing JSON encoder context
(see <code><a href="#with-output">WITH-OUTPUT</a></code> and
<code><a href="#with-output-to-string*">WITH-OUTPUT-TO-STRING*</a></code>).
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-array-element"><b>encode-array-element</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">object</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>object</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encode <code><i>object</i></code> as next array element to
the last JSON array opened
with <code><a href="#with-array">WITH-ARRAY</a></code> in the dynamic
context. <code><i>object</i></code> is encoded using the
<code><a href="#encode">ENCODE</a></code> generic function, so it must be of
a type for which an <code><a href="#encode">ENCODE</a></code> method is
defined.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-array-elements"><b>encode-array-elements</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">&amp;rest objects</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encode <code><i>objects</i></code>, a series of JSON
encodable objects, as the next array elements in a JSON
array opened with
<code><a href="#with-array">WITH-ARRAY</a></code>. ENCODE-ARRAY-ELEMENTS
uses <code><a href="#encode-array-element">ENCODE-ARRAY-ELEMENT</a></code>, which must
be applicable to each object in the list
(i.e. <code><a href="#encode">ENCODE</a></code> must be defined for each
object type). Additionally, this must be called within a
valid stream context.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Macro]<br><a class="none" name="with-object"><b>with-object</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">() &amp;body body</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Open a JSON object, then run <code><i>body</i></code>.
Inside the body,
<code><a href="#encode-object-element">ENCODE-OBJECT-ELEMENT</a></code> or
<code><a href="#with-object-element">WITH-OBJECT-ELEMENT</a></code> must be called to
encode elements to the object. Must be called within an
existing JSON encoder
<code><a href="#with-output">WITH-OUTPUT</a></code> and
<code><a href="#with-output-to-string*">WITH-OUTPUT-TO-STRING*</a></code>.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Macro]<br><a class="none" name="with-object-element"><b>with-object-element</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">(key) &amp;body body</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Open a new encoding context to encode a JSON object
element. <code><i>key</i></code> is the key of the
element. The value will be whatever
<code><i>body</i></code> serializes to the current JSON
output context using one of the stream encoding functions.
This can be used to stream out nested object structures.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-object-element"><b>encode-object-element</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">key value</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>value</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encode <code><i>key</i></code> and
<code><i>value</i></code> as object element to the last
JSON object opened with <code><a href="#with-object">WITH-OBJECT</a></code>
in the dynamic context. <code><i>key</i></code> and
<code><i>value</i></code> are encoded using the
<code><a href="#encode">ENCODE</a></code> generic function, so they both
must be of a type for which an <code><a href="#encode">ENCODE</a></code>
method is defined.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-object-elements"><b>encode-object-elements</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">&amp;rest elements</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encodes the parameters into JSON in the last object opened
with <code><a href="#with-object">WITH-OBJECT</a></code> using
<code><a href="#encode-object-element">ENCODE-OBJECT-ELEMENT</a></code>. The parameters
should consist of alternating key/value pairs, and this
must be called within a valid stream context.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-object-slots"><b>encode-object-slots</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">object slots</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Encodes each slot in SLOTS for OBJECT in the last object
opened with <code><a href="#with-object">WITH-OBJECT</a></code> using
<code><a href="#encode-object-element">ENCODE-OBJECT-ELEMENT</a></code>. The key is the
slot name, and the value is the slot value for the slot on
OBJECT. It is equivalent to
<pre xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">(loop for slot in slots
do (encode-object-element (string slot)
(slot-value object slot)))
</pre>
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-slots"><b>encode-slots</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">object</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Generic function to encode object slots. There is no default
implementation.
It should be called in an object encoding context. It uses
PROGN combinatation with MOST-SPECIFIC-LAST order, so that
base class slots are encoded before derived class slots.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">[Function]<br><a class="none" name="encode-object"><b>encode-object</b> <i><clix:lambda-list xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">object</clix:lambda-list></i>
=&gt;
<i>result*</i></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Generic function to encode an object. The default implementation
opens a new object encoding context and calls
<code><a href="#encode-slots">ENCODE-SLOTS</a></code> on the argument.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<p xmlns="">
[Standard class]<br><a class="none" name="json-output-stream"><b>json-output-stream</b></a><blockquote><clix:description xmlns:clix="http://bknr.net/clixdoc">
Instances of this class are used to wrap an output stream
that is used as a serialization target in the stream
encoder and optionally in the DOM encoder if indentation
is desired. The class name is not exported, use
<code><a href="#make-json-output-stream">make-json-output-stream</a></code> to create a
wrapper stream if required.
</clix:description></blockquote></p>
<h4 xmlns=""><a name="app-encoders">Application specific encoders</a></h4>
Suppose your application uses structs to represent its data and
you want to encode these structs using JSON in order to send
them to a client application. Suppose further that your structs
also include internal information that you do not want to send.
Here is some code that illustrates how one could implement a
serialization function:
<pre>CL-USER&gt; (defstruct user name age password)
USER
CL-USER&gt; (defmethod yason:encode ((user user) &amp;optional (stream *standard-output*))
(yason:with-output (stream)
(yason:with-object ()
(yason:encode-object-element "name" (user-name user))
(yason:encode-object-element "age" (user-age user)))))
#&lt;STANDARD-METHOD YASON:ENCODE (USER) {5B40A591}&gt;
CL-USER&gt; (yason:encode (list (make-user :name "horst" :age 27 :password "puppy")
(make-user :name "uschi" :age 28 :password "kitten")))
[{"name":"horst","age":27},{"name":"uschi","age":28}]
(#S(USER :NAME "horst" :AGE 27 :PASSWORD "puppy")
#S(USER :NAME "uschi" :AGE 28 :PASSWORD "kitten"))</pre>
As you can see, the streaming API and the DOM encoder can be
used together. <code xmlns=""><a href="#encode">ENCODE</a></code> invokes itself
recursively, so any application defined method will be called
while encoding in-memory objects as appropriate.
<p>For an example of the interplay between
<code xmlns=""><a href="#encode-object">ENCODE-OBJECT</a></code> and
<code xmlns=""><a href="#encode-slots">ENCODE-SLOTS</a></code>, suppose you have the following
CLOS class heirarchy:
<pre>(defclass shape ()
((color :reader color)))
(defclass square (shape)
((side-length :reader side-length)))
(defclass circle (shape)
((radius :reader radius)))</pre>
In order to implement encoding of circles and squares without
duplicating code you can specialize
<code xmlns=""><a href="#encode-slots">ENCODE-SLOTS</a></code> for all three classes
<pre>(defmethod yason:encode-slots progn ((shape shape))
(yason:encode-object-element "color" (color shape)))
(defmethod yason:encode-slots progn ((square square))
(yason:encode-object-element "side-length" (side-length square)))
(defmethod yason:encode-slots progn ((circle circle))
(yason:encode-object-element "radius" (radius circle)))</pre>
and then use <code xmlns=""><a href="#encode-object">ENCODE-OBJECT</a></code>:
<pre>CL-USER&gt; (yason:with-output-to-string* ()
(yason:encode-object (make-instance 'square :color "red" :side-length 3)))
"{\"color\":\"red\",\"side-length\":3}"
CL-USER&gt; (yason:with-output-to-string* ()
(yason:encode-object (make-instance 'circle :color "blue" :side-length 5)))
"{\"color\":\"blue\",\"radius\":5}"</pre>
</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can use the shortcut <code xmlns=""><a href="#encode-object-slots">ENCODE-OBJECT-SLOTS</a></code>
if you want the keys to be the slot names. For example:
<pre>(defclass person ()
((name :reader name :initarg :name)
(address :reader address :initarg :address)
(phone-number :reader phone-number :initarg :phone)
(favorite-color :reader favorite-color :initarg :color)))
(defmethod yason:encode-slots progn ((person person))
(yason:encode-object-slots person '(name address phone-number favorite-color)))</pre>
and then:
<pre>CL-USER&gt; (yason:with-output-to-string* ()
(yason:encode-object (make-instance 'person :name "John Doe"
:address "123 Main St."
:phone "(123)-456-7890"
:color "blue")))
"{\"NAME\":\"John Doe\",\"ADDRESS\":\"123 Main St.\",\"PHONE-NUMBER\":\"(123)-456-7890\",
\"FAVORITE-COLOR\":\"blue\"}"</pre>
</p>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="index">Symbol index</a></h3>
<ul xmlns="">
<li><code><a href="#*list-encoder*">*list-encoder*</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#*parse-json-arrays-as-vectors*">*parse-json-arrays-as-vectors*</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*">*parse-json-booleans-as-symbols*</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#*parse-json-null-as-keyword*">*parse-json-null-as-keyword*</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#*parse-object-as*">*parse-object-as*</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#*parse-object-key-fn*">*parse-object-key-fn*</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#*symbol-key-encoder*">*symbol-key-encoder*</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode">encode</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-alist">encode-alist</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-array-element">encode-array-element</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-array-elements">encode-array-elements</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-object">encode-object</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-object-element">encode-object-element</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-object-elements">encode-object-elements</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-object-slots">encode-object-slots</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-plist">encode-plist</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#encode-slots">encode-slots</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#json-output-stream">json-output-stream</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#make-json-output-stream">make-json-output-stream</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#no-json-output-context">no-json-output-context</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#parse">parse</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#with-array">with-array</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#with-object">with-object</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#with-object-element">with-object-element</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#with-output">with-output</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="#with-output-to-string*">with-output-to-string*</a></code></li>
</ul>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="license">License</a></h3>
<pre class="none">Copyright (c) 2008-2014 Hans Hübner and contributors
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
- Neither the name BKNR nor the names of its contributors may be
used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
</pre>
<h3 xmlns=""><a class="none" name="ack">Acknowledgements</a></h3>
Thanks go to Edi Weitz for being a great inspiration. This
documentation as been generated with a hacked-up version of his <a href="http://weitz.de/documentation-template/">DOCUMENTATION-TEMPLATE</a>
software. Thanks to David Lichteblau for coining YASON's name.
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